Distribution of Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea and its Association with Biophysical Factors in East Shewa Zone, Central Ethiopia Distribution of Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea in Central Ethiopia

Abstract

Chickpea fusarium wilt (CFW) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris has become a great threat to chickpea production in Ethiopia. A field survey was conducted to determine the distribution and association of CFW with biophysical factors in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia in the 2019/20 main cropping season. The associations of CFW incidence with independent variables were analyzed using a logistic regression model. A total of 68 fields were assessed in four districts and results revealed that all the surveyed fields were infected with CFW. However, substantial variations were observed in CFW incidence across the surveyed districts. The mean incidence varied from 31.79% in Lume to 55.81% in the Gumbichu district. Variables like district, crop growth stage, variety, previous crop history, seed source, crop density, and weed density had a very highly significant (P<0.0001) association with disease incidence in reduced multiple variable models. Associations between disease parameters and chickpea variety were also observed to be significant in the reduced model. Results from this study showed a 100% prevalence of CFW in the study area, implying the need for proper intervention. Emphasis on proper agronomic practices such as the use of improved seeds, appropriate sowing date, cropping pattern, and weed management should be given in the integrated management of CFW in the study area and other related agroecologies.